Flip News

A Flip News visual explainer

Fibre vs fixed wireless vs satellite

How BEAD's three technologies split America's $42.45 billion broadband programme.

The winner

Fibre: roughly two-thirds

63–67% of funded locations (Connected Nation: 67.1%; Light Reading: about 63%; New Street Research: 68%). Still the default technology — but its share is declining as results come in.

Technology 1

Fibre, in plain English

Data carried as light through glass strands. The fastest, most reliable and most future-proof option — but the most expensive to build, mile for mile, in sparsely populated country.

Technology 2

Satellite: a fifth

Low-Earth-orbit satellite — principally Starlink and Amazon's Kuiper — took 20–23% of funded locations. It reaches anywhere with a clear view of the sky and deploys fastest, so it dominates the emptiest terrain.

Technology 3

Fixed wireless: the rest

Around 10–12% (plus roughly 2% cable). Data beamed by radio from towers to a home antenna — much quicker and cheaper to deploy than fibre, but performance fades with distance, hills and tree cover.

The rule

One standard for all

Whatever the technology, every BEAD-funded network must deliver at least 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload, with latency of no more than 100 milliseconds.

The reason

Why the split looks like this

In June 2025 NTIA scrapped BEAD's fibre preference and ordered every state to re-run bidding under technology-neutral, lowest-cost rules — the "Benefit of the Bargain" round. Cost, not ideology, drew the map.

Keep reading

The full story

Read the complete comparison on Flip News — the east–west divide, state by state, and what your county was assigned.

Tap through to keep reading ↓

Figures verified 26 September 2026

Photo: Wikideas1 / Wikimedia Commons (CC0, public domain dedication)